Sickle Cell Disease: A Review Article on Social Pathology, Social Determinants, and Poverty
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex genetic condition intertwined with social justice issues. Despite continuous medical advancements, addressing the deep-seated disparities and historical inequalities that disproportionately affect marginalized communities is crucial for effective treatment and support. This report explores the historical understanding of SCD pathophysiology, the origins of the sickle cell gene mutation, and its global epidemiology. It delves into the significant socio-economic disparities perpetuated by the disease, particularly through the lens of social pathology and social determinants of health, including the pervasive impact of poverty and systemic racism within healthcare, with a specific focus on the challenges faced by Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India due to the caste system. The report also details strategic initiatives, such as India’s ambitious National Sickle Cell Elimination Mission, highlighting the global shift towards comprehensive, equitable approaches. It is argued that SCD is not merely a genetic disorder but a “social disease,” where societal structures and historical injustices amplify its burden. Effective management and eventual elimination of SCD necessitate a social justice framework that tackles structural inequalities, promotes equitable healthcare access, and empowers affected communities.
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